Biography of Savarkar, Post 3: Fergusson College, Pune, Days

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Savarkar, in Fergusson College
 
·       In January 1902 Savarkar enrolled in Fergusson College and took Pune by storm.

·       In 1904, he renamed Mitra Mela society as the Abhinav Bharat. It was run along the lines of Secret Societies of Ireland and Russia. Aggressive propaganda spread this society far and wide.

·       By 1905 by the power of his eloquence, personality, and oratory he had stirred several youths into patriotism. He started a paper, Aryan Weekly. Conservative professors called him “the Devil.”

·       He advocated swadeshi to all and members of his group were required to wear swadeshi clothes, read extensively, and exercise and swim regularly, besides doing well in their studies.

·       He also took part in college plays, particularly a Shakesperian tragedy.

·       October 7, 1905: Savarkar organized the first bonfire of British-made cloth. For this he was fined `10 and expelled from the college hostel.

·       June 9, 1906: having won a scholarship from Shyamji Krishnavarma, Savarkar left for England ostensibly to study law. In reality he wanted to bring his dream of a revolution to fruition over there.

·       Some of Savarkar’s poems were banned by the Government, but he was not considered a serious threat to the Raj at this time

-  Anurupa

Biography of Savarkar, Post 2: The Beginning . . .

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Savarkar took his oath before this Ashtabhuja Devi idol
·        Burning with patriotism as he was, the hanging of patriot Damodarpant Chapekar on April 4, 1898, triggered Savakar to take an oath before the idol of Ashtabhuja Goddess to fight until death and organize an armed revolution for the freedom of his beloved Hindustan.

 

·        In September of 1899, Savarkar’s father and uncle succumbed to the plague. Both his brothers, Ganesh (Babarao) and Narayanrao (Bal,) were seriously affected by plague, too. Fortunately, both of them recovered.

·        Despite these troubles and the fact that a recent robbery had left them destitute, the young family plunged whole-heartedly into the freedom struggle.

·        In Nasik in 1900, Savarkar formed a secret society, Rashtrabhaktasamuha, for armed revolt and Mitra Mela for conducting open activities to fan patriotism in the hearts of the people by changing ceremonies and festivals into political and national functions. Mitra Mela also carried out social work.

·        Savarkar was married to Yamuna Chiplunkar in 1901. His father-in-law had promised to fund his university education.

 Savarkar and his Mitra Mela friends 
 

-   Anurupa

Biography of Savarkar, Post 1: Childhood

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Savarkar in 1901

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was born on May 28, 1883, at 10 p.m. at Bhagur, a village near Nasik, India. Characteristics that epitomized him were his from the earliest childhood:

·        bold and daring with a magnetic personality and progressive ideas far, far beyond the times

·        voracious reader with a profound knowledge and grasp of worldwide history (even ancient history of Babylonia)

·        born poet and orator (talents which he consciously honed)

·        detested the birth-based caste system, socialized with friends from lower classes and enjoyed hospitality at each other’s homes

·        filled with national pride for his country and heritage and a burning desire to restore honor to his beloved country (even wrote a much-acclaimed article Glory of Hindustan in his junior high-school year and organized a protest against Muslim riots at nine years of age.)

-      Anurupa

Savarkar Short Stories:Savvy Savarkar

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Hi, Everyone! This is the last short story until Savarkar’s birth anniversary on May 28. Instead, I shall be posting a quick study of Savarkar’s biography in 20 short posts beginning from April 2.

Today’s short story has a preamble of a translation of an anecdote re a puja. There was an interesting incident during the function. It is this incident that I have fictionalized into a story.

The Anecdote:

Mi Pahilele Savarkar(The Savarkar I saw) by Moreshwar Damle, Veer Gaurav Samiti Publication, Pune; pages 9-10.

“To the Mahar caste, the Chambhars are just like Brahmans

At the time, a Chambhar caste family lived in Shirgaon. In the days that Tatya resided with us, they had a Satyanarayan Puja at their home. Tatya and our family were also invited along with many others. To attend a Satyanarayan Puja in the house of a Chambhar and accept the tirth-prasad was a social solecism of great magnitude in those days. But since Tatya set off to attend the puja that night, naturally, we had to follow suit.

We were welcomed there with great honor and respect. First thing Savarkar asked was if the Mahar brethren had been invited there or not. Immediately, upon hearing the “no,” Savarkar said, “In that case, I too am unable to accept your invitation. You rejoiced that Vishnupant and his family and I, though Brahmin, came to your home, and that is good too. But just as we Brahmins consider you inferior to us, you too consider our Mahar brethren as inferior. We are your Brahmins, and you are the Brahmin’s of the Mahar.”

As a result of this scolding, an immediate invitation was posted to some Mahar families. Four-five Mahars even came to the puja. Only after that did the puja proceedings commence. Tatya even gave a small speech. He stressed and elaborated on the fact that all Hindus are born equal.”

Below is the incident that follows this anecdote:

Savvy Savarkar

The Satyanarayan Puja was concluded. The Chambhar family members were distributing tirth-prasadto all fellow caste guests. The priest was given the responsibility of giving it to Savarkar and the Damle family, as they were of the superior Brahmin caste. That didn’t at all go down well with Savarkar. “What’s this? We would like to get tirth-prasad from family members too! In fact, I insist upon it.”

Unthinkable to ignore Savarkar’s words! Immediately the family members handed out tirth-prasad to them. Savarkar quickly drank the tirth and put the Prasad in his mouth. Vishnupant, traditionally bent, was certainly not going to put any food touched by one of inferior caste in his mouth. He held his tirth-laden hand a few inches from one eye and then other; and folded the Prasad leaf-bowl into a packet.

The boys were in a fix. If they were to partake of the tirth-prasad the wrath of their father was sure to crash upon their heads. And yet if they didn’t Savarkar would be most displeased. Surreptitiously they eyed each other. What to do? What to do? They queried silently. Savarkar was quick to spot their dilemma.

Arre you boys, what are you waiting for?” he asked. “Go ahead eat the tirth-prasad. Your father’s case is different. He has been brought up in the old ways. He can be allowed to avoid eating it. But you youngsters must certainly follow the new customs—not a trace of untouchability, birth-based inequality, or inferiority-superiority must be in your hearts and minds. Isn’t that so, Vishnupant?”

Impossible for Vishnupant to do anything but acquiesce! The boys were very relieved to come out of this unscathed.

But Savarkar was not done yet. “One more thing,” he added, wagging his pointer finger, “no one will change their clothes or take a cleansing bath when we get home. Mind you well!”

Even Vishnupant didn’t dare take a bath after this admonishment.

-    Anurupa

 

Savarkar Short Stories: Considerate and Caring Savarkar

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This is a fictionalized story of Moreshwar Damle’s account from Savarkar Smruti (Memories of Savarkar ); Lakshmi Process Studio, Kolhapur; pages 10-11.

 Considerate and Caring Savarkar



 

Savarkar had settled well into the Damle household. Generally, he retired to his room after dinner and did some writing for a couple of hours. Unfailingly, at about ten-thirty he strolled in the yard before retiring to bed. More often than not Moreshwar accompanied him.

There was lush greenery everywhere. The crickets chirruped; the trees rustled in the gentle breeze; running rain water tinkled over the rocks nearby—peaceful, so very peaceful. Savarkar breathed in deeply, enjoying his stroll. Mingling in this peace of nature were occasional shouts and laughter from the women.

Arre Moreshwar,” asked Savarkar, “what’s going on there?”

“Where, Tatyarao?” Moreshwar looked around, puzzled.

“You don’t hear the laughter and shouts?”

“Oh, that!”said Moreshwar, light dawning upon him. “That’s the womenfolk filling the rainwater from the springs beyond. Can you hear the water tinkling?”—he cupped his ears. Savarkar nodded—“the next couple of months they’ll do that.”

“Oh, it’s hard work!”

“They’re used to it, Tatyarao,” replied Moreshwar breezily. “We need a lot of water for the house. Sometimes they are at it till midnight.”

“Hmm.”

Savarkar turned the corner of the house and followed the path to the springs. Lanterns hanging on posts gave dim light. Suddenly he peered in the gloom.

Arre Moreshwar,” he exclaimed, “isn’t that Baya I see ahead?”

Baya was a seventy-year old relative of the Damle’s living with them.

Moreshwar peered, too. “Yes, yes it is!” he agreed.

“Good heavens! She is carrying that heavy pot full of water, and at her age!”

“She is used to it, Tatyarao.”

“Moreshwar,” commanded Savarkar, “hurry up and take the pot from her!”

Me . . . ?” cried Moreshwar incredulously, pointing to his chest.

“Of course, you! There’s the poor old lady struggling with her heavy load, and here you are whiling away your time strolling—a big, strong boy like you!”

“But . . . but . . . that’s women’s wo—”

A look from Savarkar, and Moreshwar’s sputtering came to a halt. The next minute, he was taking the load from Baya ignoring all her “No, no, Moroba” and “No, Bala, I can do it.”

“Moreshwar,” Savarkar called out, “make sure you do all her job. If you get tired, call me for help.”

Poor Moreshwar, not only did he fill all the pots this night, but he did so on many other nights as well—and most certainly without asking Savarkar to help!

 

Savarkar Short Stories:Patent Patriotism

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This story is fictionalized from an anecdote of Moreshwar Damle from the book Savarkar Smruti (Memories of Savarkar); Lakshmi Process Studio, Kolhapur;  pages 5-6.

Patent Patriotism

In 1925 the Government had permitted Savarkar to live at the Damle residence in Shirgaon as there was an outbreak of the plague in Ratnagiri city. The Damle family was very honored and happy to be of service to so great a man, but it was not without its problems!

Savarkar was never one to rest and take it easy. He believed that everyone should do something—be it big or small—for the country. That was patriotism. He certainly considered spreading literacy to be very patriotic. Being Savarkar, he had roped the four Damle teenage boys into teaching the basics of the language to their four illiterate servants every night after dinner. Both, the teachers and their pupils were quite aghast and frequently kicked up a fuss—but were no match for Savarkar’s determination!

This night the servants were particularly tired. They had done a lot of heavy lifting cleaning out and rearranging the sheds. Squinting at the slate and making sense of the squiggles on it was the last thing on their mind. They were all, servants and the boys, gathered in the yard behind the kitchen.

“Moroba, not tonight—no,” said Bhiku. “Tonight I am too, too tired.”

“It won’t do, Bhiku,” Moroba said. “I would much rather sleep myself, but . . .”

Arrebaba, what is this life! After all that extra work we did today, you still want to beat some knowledge into our brains?”

Tchhe!You think I don’t have better things to do?”

“Well, then?”

“Let me thi-i-i-ink . . .” said Moroba pensively, scratching his head. “We have to give some excuse to Tatya!”

Arre O,” cried Khandu, “this is no time to think. Let us just rush off to sleep before he finds us. He won’t wake us up, surely?”

“I’m not so sure he won’t!” said Gajanan. “But good idea! Let’s go.”

And they dashed off. Hardly had they gone a few feet when the boys heard their mother calling out to them. “Poranno, Tatya is looking for you! Where are you?”

“We’ll be right there!” yelled Moroba. He clapped a hand to his forehead. “That’s torn it! C’mon, Khandu, Bhiku, Babu, Mahadev, grab your slates and pencils. We’ll get the books.”

“Oh ho ho-o-o! Rama, Shiva, Govinda re-e-e-e!” they chorused sadly.

A few minutes later teachers and pupils were gathered on the front veranda. Savarkar was already there, checking his watch. “You are all late today. Let us not waste any more time.”

The four servants sent an appealing glance at the boys. Narayan, the youngest, braved a last ditch attempt. “Tatya . . .”

“Yes, Narayan, what is it?”

“Today the servants are very tired . . .”

“And how about you?” asked Savarkar.

“Me too, Tatya, and . . . and . . .”

“Go on.” Savarkar said calmly.

“Well, we are all fed up of this daily chore! The servants and us, too”

“Hmm!” said Savarkar, taking a quick turn up and down the veranda. “Okay, put your slates aside for a bit and sit down.”

Everyone complied with great alacrity. It seemed they were going to escape, and very lightly at that!

“So you are all tired and fed up,” said Savarkar. “Tell me, do you think the patriots locked up in the Cellular Jail had the luxury of saying so?”

Everyone shook their head silently.

“It was their patriotism, their participation in the freedom struggle that brought them to that horrendous fate. Let me tell you the fate of some.” Savarkar gazed into the distance, his face deadpan. “Chatar Singh was kept in a small cage—just like an animal. It was hardly big enough to lie down in and barely three feet high. He lived like that for two years plus.”

Everyone was horrified.

“Ullaskar Dutt lost his mind. He was such a bright cheerful man, so talented. Young Parmanand was whipped bloody with twenty lashes. Bhan Singh was beaten until he vomited blood. There were days when at least one or the other was dying—from untreated sickness, from hunger, from flooded lungs after a forceful feeding, from being beaten. The days were dark and darker.”

There was a pin drop silence. Only the chirruping of the crickets rang out deafeningly.

“And yet—yet did anyone complain and sit around twiddling their thumbs? No!” Savarkar looked intently at them, one by one. “We spread the love of Hindustan, secretly of course! We even started a learning center; Nalanda University we used to call it. So many convicts learned to read and write, sometimes in two-three languages. . . . They didn’t get fed up. Learning and knowledge are very important.”

There was a restless shuffling of feet.

“Even in the inhuman conditions of Andaman we achieved so much; what can we not achieve here? Should we let a little inconvenience come in our way? Can we not exert ourselves a little for our Mother India? Is it really that much of a hardship for you all to give up some time to teach and learn? Is it a chore, and a boring one at that?”

“No, no, Tatya,” they said in one voice, much abashed. “We’ll not complain again, never.”

Teachers and pupils grabbed their books and pencils and got to work. They had never thought of it like that. However had Tatya survived it all—and still remained so full of vigor to work for Hindustan!


- Anurupa 

Savarkar Short Stories: Practice vs Practical

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Damle Home in Shirgaon
During the Ratnagiri stretch of his internment, Savarkar lived with the Damle family in Shirgaon, near Ratnagiri city, for some time. They were simple, traditional folk and happily shared what little they had with Savarkar. He too was a very considerate guest. But under no circumstance did he blindly follow any traditional dictates. This led to some entertaining moments in the household, particularly for the kids.

This story is fictionalized from an anecdote of Moreshwar Damle from the book Savarkar Smruti (Memories of Savarkar); Lakshmi Process Studio, Kolhapur, 1982; page 7.

 

Practice vs Practical

 

It was winter time and the evenings got rather chilly. This was a particularly cold night.

“Brrr, Moroba,” said Gajanan, rubbing his hands together. “I just can’t seem to get warm today.”

ArreGajanana, never mind that. C’mon remove your shirt!”

“What if I leave my shirt on today? Baba won’t object—not when it’s so-o-o-o cold?” he said pleadingly.

“You had better not. Baba will most certainly object!”

Mr. Vishnupant Damle, head of the household, was a stickler for following traditions, no matter what. And sitting shirtless for the evening meal was a tradition of the menfolk, cold or not cold. Gajanan would have to sit shivering while eating his evening meal.

Suddenly, a thought struck Gajanan. “Arre, Moroba, will Tatyarao be forced to remove his shirt, too?”

“Ye-e-e-ss. I suppose he has to, too.”

“Ohhhh . . . Tatyarao won’t do it! It is so unpractical.”

Moroba’s eyes gleamed. “It might be fun to see how Baba and Tatyarao deal together over this. Hurry up, Gajanana! Let’s go.”

The boys sat down in their spot; their skin was goose-fleshed and teeth clenched to control the chattering. Their father walked in. He had removed his shirt, per tradition, but had draped the uparna (stole customarily worn by men) around his shoulders. Savarkar followed almost immediately—wearing a shirt! The boys stole a quick glance at each other.

Vishnupant looked in surprise at Savarkar’s shirt. He cleared his throat significantly. Savarkar was perfectly at ease, seemingly unaware of anything amiss. Vishnupant pursed his lips and pondered for a minute. Savarkar was a guest, and an important one at that . . . hmm . . . but traditions were the most important thing of all.

“Tatya, what, are you going to eat your meal wearing a shirt?” he asked, his tone a masterpiece of gentle chiding-cum-incredulity.

“Why not? You too are wearing something, aren’t you, Vishnupant?”

“Oh, this?” Vishnupant plucked at his uparna and gave an indulgent laugh. “This is only an uparna; quite an acceptable garment to drape by traditions.”

“Mine is also an uparna!” Savarkar claimed promptly, with aplomb. “Only I got the tailor to stitch some style and shape to it, that’s all.”

Vishnupant’s mouth fell open at this unanswerable statement. The boys had to bite down even harder on their lips to muffle their giggles.


 - Anurupa

Savarkar Short Stories: One Anna fine!

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This story is fictionalized from an incident from Swatantryaveer Savarkaranchya Sahavasat, Part II, by Atmaram Ganpatrao Salvi; Janata Sahkari Printing Press, Ratnagiri; page 25. I have used Mahapaur/Mayor in this story since neither the actual word nor the details were mentioned by Mr. Salvi. I have taken the liberty of using a nickname for Mr. Salvi. The incident took place when Savarkar was in Ratnagiri. I am making an assumption that it had a mayor then and that Savarkar had coined this word by that year.

One Anna fine!

“Moroba, arre Moroba!” Atmya called out to his friend rushing down the road. “Wait for me!”

“Come on, come on”—right hand beckoning impatiently—“we’ll be late!”

“No, Moroba, we’ll make it on time. Tatyarao was delayed at the Mahapaur’s (Mayor’s) office this afternoon. I’m sure we’ll make it just as he steps out in the garden.”

“Well, Atmya, let’s hurry anyway. I want to know what happened at the Mahapaur’s office today. He is sure to tell us and I don’t want to miss one word of it!”

Young Moreshwar Damle and Atmaram Salvi were on their way to see Savarkar. They often did so. A great man Savarkar undoubtedly was, but he was not above spending time with youngsters like them. Ever since he had come here in Ratnagiri in 1924, they had been inspired by him. How lucky they were to have him in their midst!

“Oh I do hope all went well. Tatyarao wants to involve the government to ensure ex-untouchable children get the education that is theirs by right. Caste Hindus cannot refuse them entry into schools.”

“Tatyarao will most certainly get his way, don’t worry!”

“Yes, he will, at that. He is an irresistible force! ArreMoroba, did you trip up and use any non-Marathi words while speaking today?”

“No I didn’t, Atmya,” Moroba said proudly. “I saved my money today!”

“Me too! I have had to dole out so many one anna’s lately—it won’t do.” Savarkar was very particular about purity of language. He always corrected anyone using words of a foreign language, knowingly or unknowingly, while talking to him. The young men were keen on following Savarkar. In fact, they had come up with a scheme. For every misspoken word, the perpetrator would have to pay up a fine of one anna and very often have to treat the group to tea in the Akhil Hindu Restaurant.

“Oh look, Atmya, I see Shriram and Madhavrao in Tatyarao’s garden. Let’s run.”

“Okay, race you!”

Both ran the last few yards. At the gate they took a deep breath and opened the gate with decorum. The four friends greeted each other warmly.

“Hey, anyone needs to cough up the anna?” Madhavrao looked at Moroba and Atmya interestedly.

“Not me!” they replied in chorus.

Tchha! I was really looking forward to a cup of tea!”

“Madhavrao, today you’ll have to buy it for yourself—” Moroba pointed “—oh there’s Tatyarao!”

Savarkar was coming down the verandah steps dressed in pristine white, as usual, with the black cap firmly in place and sunlight glinting off the golden rods of his glasses.

“Namaskar, Everyone!” Savarkar sounded as cordial as ever, but there was a faint air of distraction about him. It gave the four young men pause.

“Tatyarao,” said Moroba worriedly, “is everything all right?”

“Yes, Moreshwar. There’s no problem at all”

Everyone heaved a collective sigh of relief. Savarkar indicated they start walking. “Let us stroll on that side,” he said. “New roses have bloomed there.”

They all wanted to know about the meeting with the Mayor, but no one put in a question. After a minute or two of pensive silence, Savarkar said, “You know, today’s meeting was not at all disappointing. I am sure the Mayor will be quite. . .” Savarkar’s voice trailed off. The four young men had come to a full stop, mouth agape.

“What is it?” Savarkar asked, surprised.

“Tatyarao!” Moroba cried, somewhat scandalized. “You used an English word—Mayor instead of Mahapaur!”

Arre, so I did!” Savarkar exclaimed, laughing. “Hoist with my own petard, I am.”

Everyone joined in. Now that their astonishment had disappeared, the one anna fine began to dance before their eyes. But no one was willing to put it in words. Great men should be excused, perhaps?

But Savarkar was already digging in his pocket, “Here you are,” he said, fishing out an anna. “Here is my fine.”

“No . . . no, Tatyarao,” they said in one voice. “We can’t collect from you!”

“Oh yes, you can. There are no special privileges for anyone, me included.”

They all gazed at Savarkar in silent admiration. Yes, there was certainly no one like Savarkar. Would a man who left his safe haven and knowingly walked into the British lion’s den in 1910—that he should, as the leader, be no different from any other revolutionary—cavil at paying a measly fine? Certainly not!

“Well, young men,” Savarkar continued, “are you going to stand and stare at me, or shall we make tracks to the restaurant for a cup of tea?”

“Tea!” cried Madhavrao. “Most certainly, tea it is! I am thirsting for a cup.”

Shriram thwacked him on the back. “You got your wish, one way or another, Madhavrao.”

Everyone laughed again.

- Anurupa Cinar

Savarkar: Marnonmukh Shayyewar (Upon the Deathbed)

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Hi, Everyone! Savarkar gave up his life in the highest tradition of yoga by prayopaveshan (giving up food and water)at age 83, on February 26, 1966, satisfied that he had carried out all the worldly duties that were his lot in life.

धन्योम् I धन्योहम् I कर्तव्यं मे न वीद्यते किंचित I
धन्योम् I धन्योहम् I प्राप्तव्यं सर्वमद्य संपन्नम् I  

(Blessed am I, blessed am I, I know of no duty now,
Blessed am I, blessed am I, I have fulfilled what I wished to achieve)

He embraced death willingly. This was atmarpan: self-sacrifice.
Knowing that this manner of death could be confused with suicide, Savarkar himself  had written an article,[1]published in the Sahyadri in December 1964, to clearly define the difference between suicide (atmahatya) and self-sacrifice (atmarpan.)

Savarkar was no stranger to suicide. In the terrible, unendurable hardships that he suffered in his thirteen-plus years of horrendous incarceration, he was on the brink of suicide at least three times. One occasion was between the years 1916-18 when his health had broken down completely. At the time, he had faced death squarely and delved deeply into what death meant. That resulted is his masterpiece, Marnonmukh Shayyewar(Upon the Deathbed.)

I first attempted the translation of Marnonmukh Shayyewar in 2010. I was completely overwhelmed by the enormity and level of difficulty of the job. My first draft was ready, but I had no idea if I had even got it right . . . !! A couple months ago, I approached my translation again, quite warily. It was a mess. But somehow, in the last three years my command of Marathi must have improved (must be all the research reading and connecting with Marathi Facebook Friends, I’m sure!) And I was able to revise the poem translation relatively painlessly.

My heartfelt thanks to my mother, Dr. Indrayani Sawkar, and Vikram Edke (a man of many, many talents) without whom I could never have achieved this goal.

And here it is . . . after an excerpt from Savarkar’s My Transportation of Life (a translation of his original Majhi Janmathep) which expresses in his own words how he thought and felt at the time.

“CHAPTER VI
On Death-Bed

While all these activities were carried on with zest during the later years of the war, I found my health completely shattered, as I wrote in the letter I had sent to my brother; and I was removed to the Hospital for rest and treatment. . . . Dysentery took off my appetite for food, and I could not digest it. Want of food added to my weakness and shattered my nerves; the fever was continuously on me; only the last enemy was yet to come, though he was very near. . . . .

I overcame the weakness of body and mind by these meditations. Some time I felt every day that the body could not hold out any longer because one ailment after another was attacking it. This garment of the flesh seemed to be completely tattered and torn so that the soul could no longer wear it. . . . In the hospital my weight had fallen down to 95 pounds, I could take no solid food, I felt distant symptoms of Thisis; fever did not abate, and there was none whom I could call mine near me. During the three following months I became worse, what with the atmosphere of hostility common to all political prisoners around me; what with disrespect and stark despair, with none to talk to me words of kindness and of love, and with no freedom of movement from one place to another. So much so that I knew not when Death would pounce upon me and snap the chord of my life. I realised that the time had come when, with all my will to live, I must pass away.

Am I, then, to die in the hospital? This thought began to haunt me all along. I reviewed in my mind the philosophy of the world and its conclusion on the subject, from Buddha’s doctrine of Nirvana and nescience to the Yoga doctrine of Knowledge; from the materialism of Science to the Monism of Haeckel and Spencer, and to the evolution theory of ‘Substance’ propounded by them, I searched them all for light on death and immortality. From the Mimansa doctrine of the Vedanta to Mill’s Utilitarianism, I ransacked in my mind their conclusions about religion, and about the triple faith of God, Immortality and Duty. And as the fruit of them all came forth my poem “On my bed facing death.” I wrote it while on bed in the hospital, and I had no hope that I should survive to read it. . . . And this I wrote on the threshold of death.”

Upon the Deathbed

 

 

ये मृत्यो! ये तूं ये, यावयाप्रती

निघालाचि असशिल जरि ये तरी सुखें!

कोमेजुनि जावया भिवोत हीं फुलें

हीं द्राक्षें रसरशींत सुकुनि जावया

 भ्यावें तें का म्हणुनी तुजसि परी मी?

 

 

माझ्या पेल्यांत किती पीत राहिलों

तरी न संपतीच अशा असतिजि ह्या

अश्रूंच्या मदिराची मात्र राहिल्या !

ये, त्या जरि नैवेद्या अससि भुकेला

आणि जरी दिवस असे अजुनि तरुण हा

 

 

 

 

रि लहानथोर अशीं असति संपलीं

दिवसाचीं  कार्येंही बहुतकरूनिया,

तोडजोड करूनि परी फेडलीं ऋणें

जन्मार्जित  जीं जीं तीं, ऋषिऋणाप्रती

श्रुतिजननीचरणतीर्थ  सेवुनी कधीं,

धरुनि कधी धृवपदांसि संत-तीच्या

आणी ही आचरुनी एक तप अशी

आशेच्या या स्मशानभूंत तपस्या

देवऋणा, फुंकुनि रणशृंग , दुंदुभी 

धडड धडड पिटुनि, आणि तो आघाडिचा

चढवुनिनि तैं हल्ला सहसाचि ज्या पलीं 

सुटली राघुवीराची प्रथम रणाज्ञा

आणि त्याचि रणयज्ञाग्नीं अग्नीं पेटल्या

अस्थि अस्थि, मांस मांस, न्धनें तशीं

जळत जळत आज असे शेष राहिली

राख यौवनाची मम! आणि म्हणुनिची

फेडाया पितृऋणासि आजि अहो मी

शास्त्रातें अनुसरोनि दत्तविधानें,

निपुत्रिकत्वा वारियलें:पुत्र अखिल हें

अभिनव भारतची मम! जेथ जेथ कीं

पाळण्यांत विकसतसे नयन-कमल तें

तेथे तेथे मीच बघें सृष्टी-कुतुहला.

 

 

 

 

 

नव उन्नति शील भालपटलिं दिसत जैं 

उदयोन्मुख तेज तरुण, तैं पुनः पुन्हा

माझ्याही  उदयोन्मुख होति हृदिं या

आशा नव, आकांक्षा उच्च, भावि त्या

आमुचिया वंशाच्या गौरवाचिया-

भारतीय केवल ना, मानवीयही

वंशाच्या गौरवार्थ ! अखिल मानवी

यौवनांत अनुभवीन यौवनास मी

 

 

 

 

आणि पितर माझे ते प्रेमतर्पणा !

येइं सुखें मृत्यो, तरीअसति हीं अशीं,

तडजोड करूनि परी फेडिली ऋणें,

आणि बहुतकरुनीया असति संपलीं

 

 

 

 

दिवसाचीं कार्येंही : यद्यपि कधीं

उगवे हा दिवस, कधीं मावळेहि वा,

 कर्में वा कवण, कशीं कार्य, या दिनीं

याविषयीं पंचांगें भिन्न, भिन्नची

भट्ट आणि पण्डित हे कथिति मज कथा,

रिहि लोकसंग्रहार्थ, धरणाप्रती

मानवीय आत्यंतिक आत्महिताच्या,

सज्जनासि गमलीं अनुकूल तींच कीं

कार्यें म्यां धर्म्य अशीं मानिलीं अणी

तदनुरूप एकाचा म्हणूनि जो ठरे

म्यां माझा भार असे अचलिला मुदें

यथाशक्ति यथापरिस्थिति न भंगितां 

धरिलें तें व्रत कदापि किमपि ना भयें.

 

 

 

 

 

 

सत्कुल, अव्यंग देह, परम दयाळू

जनक आणि जननी ती, त्यांहुनीहि कीं 

वात्सल्यें,  पुण्यें, प्रतिपाळिता तसा

अग्रज, जो अग्रगण्य तापसांमधें;

मूर्त विनय अनुज असा; अद्वितीयसें

प्रेयांचें प्रेमपुण्य; धन्य आणि तें

ध्येय महत्, देई जें जीवनाप्रती

सार्थकत्व मानुजांच्या, काव्यमय करी

जें आयुःकालातें, पूत चरित्रा;

तप कांहीं, जप कांहीं, यश कांहीं तें

कांहींशी मान्यताहि शारदेचिया

राजसभेमाजी कविरत्नभूषिता 

 

 

 

 

 

चाखियले रस नाना; हुंगियले ते

शतभूजलवायुललित शतसुगंध कीं

पंचाग्नीमधिल तया प्रखर भाजत्या

उत्तापापासुनि तों प्रीतिच्या मऊ

स्निग्ध परिश्वंगापर्यंत सर्वही 

शीतल, शीतोष्ण, उष्ण अनुभवयीले

कटिबंधस्पर्श तसें; परिसिले किती

स्वरशत, शतभाषा, शतगीति  नवनवा

शतमंजुल कंठांतिल- आणि मृत्यूच्या

शतकठोर कंठांतिल घोर लागल्या,

नाना जन, जानपदें, जातिविभिन्ना  

देश किती दृश्यें तीं, भूमिच्या महा-

संग्रहालयांत परिभ्रमत पहिलीं.

सुरूप तें, सुरेख तें, सुललित तें असें

पाहियलें डोळ्यांनी किमपि तरि जया

मृत्यो! ते डोळे हे झांक तूं सुखें !

 

 

 

 

 

- झांकणेंचि आवश्यक जरि गमे तरी!

कीं सुरेख पाहियलें - किमपि परी तें !

प्रीति विपल: विरह चिरंतन!  नवीं वयीं,

प्रौढ धुरंधरहि न जी शकति तोलण्या,

तीच धुरा भर उन्हांत तोळणें घडे !

 

 

 

 

म्हणुनि असे अजुनी अपुरीच राहिली

खेळाची हौस हंसत चांदण्यामधें

या आयुष्याच्या मम! रिहि जाणुनी

कीं न ययातीचीहि हौस पुरेशी

झाली जरि आयुष्याचाचि सर्व तो

नृपति करी खेळ एक; आणि पाहुनी 

इच्छेच्या बीजा फल भोग लागतां

इच्छेचीं बीजेंची त्यांत फिरोनी;

आणी अनुभवुनी कीं एक भुकेची

एक जेवणानें जी तृप्ति जाहली

तृप्ति सहस्त्राव्याही भोजनामुळें

असतें कीं तीतुकीची आणि तशीची;

 -मी दे तुज अनुमोदन संपवूं असा

हा जीवनलेख इथेंपृष्ठिं या जरी

पृष्ठें जीं पुढलीं तीं मागल्या तया 

पृष्ठांची असली पुनरुक्तिची तरी !

 

 

 

 

 

म्यां असतां दिवस नसे व्यर्थ गमविला

दिवसास्ताचेंहि म्हणुनि दुःख ना मला.

-भीति उद्यांची ही वा! मृत्युच्या मृता

रि असेल त्या अंधःकार-लतेला

फुलत दुज्या दिवसाचें  फुल तरीही

भीति मज; कीं येथें पेरिलें आम्हीं

फुलत आणि फलत तेंच , कथिति ते तिथें.

 

 

आणी मी पेराया कष्टलों असें

बीजें कीं तीं जीं निवडुनी दिलीं

त्यांनींची अत्युत्तम म्हणुनिया मला

पेरुं फलाशाविरहित. ‘ तूं तसें जरी 

वर्ततील समरपरिस्थितींत अन्यही ;

रि लोकोन्नति-विनाश होय ना असें

वर्त तसेंची वर्तूं यत्न म्यां सदा 

केला आबाल्य जसें अन्य तुझ्याशीं

वागावें म्हणुनि तुला वाटतें तसें 

तूहिं वाग अन्याशीं संतवचन हें

मी अनुपलिं पालाया कष्टलों अणी

रि आपद्धर्म सेव्य मानिले तरी

ते इतुक्यास्तवची कीं धर्मची स्वयें

ओपुनि दे आपत्तीच्याचि मज करीं !

 

 

 

 

जैं हिरव्या गवताचा गार गालिचा

वरुनि दहापावलीच अंगणामधें

कारागारांत कधीं मी फिरें तधीं

आत्मौपम्यांत मुरत चित्त थिजोनी

कितिदां तरि चरण अकस्मांत चालतां 

स्तंभित होऊनी रहावेत घटिघटी

कांहीं केल्याहि तया तरुण कोंवळ्या

गवताचे अंकुर दुखतील या भयें

पाय त्यांवरी नये पडूंचि कीं पुढें  

हातींचा घास कधीं हटुनि रहावा

हातींची, कीं जितुकीं त्यांत शितें तीं

बिजेंची नव्हत काय ? खातसों अम्ही

फल तें तें भृणघात ? आणि कधिंकधीं

मज पडलें भय कीं मज वेड लागलें !

आत्मौपम्यांस जईं वर्तण्यांत हें  

 

 

 

 

मन माझें अनुसरितां मज पदोपदीं

मरणासम दुःख होय पाहुनी जगीं

पूर्ण असंभवचि तया आचरुं पुरें

तरिही यत्न म्यां केला; अज्ञतेमुळें

वा अशक्यतेमुळेंच पद कधीं जरी

स्खलित जाहलें असले तरि असले तें

म्हणुनि भय अद्यांही ना स्मशामभूमिचा

परतटप्रदेश  जो अनोळखी तिथें

 

 

 

सुखकर प्रवास करवि जें असें असे

ओळखिचें पत्र आम्हांजवळ त्या स्वयें 

भगवान श्रीकृष्णचें-श्रीमंतां गृहे 

शुचीनां च! बा गेहे योगिनामपि

कश्चित् कल्याणकृच्च तात दुर्गतिम्

नहि गच्छति नहि गच्छति सांगती अणी

ते निरीश्वर-स्वभाव-वादिही मला;

म्हणुनि जरी सत्यचि जें वदति ते, जरी

स्वर्ग, नरक जन्मान्तर, बंध मुक्ति वा

निजकर्माचाची परिपाक कीं तरी

मरणाची वेस जयामाजि उघडते

त्या अदृष्ट नगरांतील अति सुरम्य ते

राखवुनि ठेवियले असति बंगले 

अधींची आम्हांस्तव भरूनिया अम्ही

कर्माच्या, धर्माच्या नियत विसारा !

 

 

 

 

परि जरी कीं स्वर्ग, जीव, बंध, कर्म वा

ऐहिक तें इन्द्रजाल मात्र, कीं जरी

संघातोत्पन्न भाव मात्र जीव हा

मृत्युपृथक्करणिं अभावांत ओसरे

रि सर्वोत्तमचि! मरण एक सुषुप्ति

अथवा प्रत्यक्ष मुक्ति! पंचही असे 

मिश्रित भूतांश पृथक् मुक्त होउनी

विहरोत स्वेच्छ नव्या मिश्रणांतुनी,

वा स्वयेंचि, वा शून्यीं ! इंद्रधनु तसें 

संज्ञेच्या आकाशीं विपल शोभुनी

विपलांतचि हा माझा ’मीहि कीं जरी 

विश्वाच्या अंतर्हित ’मीत मावळे     

 

 

 

रि मरणा! मरण न तूं! मरण मुक्तिची!

विपलांतचि परि! विनंती इतुकिची असे:

येणे तरि येउनि जा झटकनी तुझा

दुर्लौकिक जो जगांत, लोक जो तुझा 

द्वेष करिति, तो नचि कीं अससि तूं स्वतः 

निर्दय वा निंद्य म्हणुनि-पाहुनी तुला

अलाची कोणीही परत कीं न तो

सांगूं तूं केंवी तें! -परि विशेषतः

मृत्यो! तूं अप्रियसा जगतिं जें तुझें

सैन्य, पुरस्सर, पीडक हें हिडिस्ससें,

रोगाचें क्रुर असे, त्यामुळेंकीं !

 

 

 

 

मीच न कीं परि अजातशत्रू जो जगीं,

तुल्य ज्या प्रियप्रियादि हानि, लाभ, त्या

भगवान् श्रीगौतमाप्रतीहि भासला

रोग जरा अप्रियचि: लाभ ना दुजा 

आरोग्यासम जगतीं धर्मपद वदे

तरिही जे कोणी तुज नुघडतीलची

स्वेच्छेनें दरवाजे, दुर्ग ते हठी

जिंकुं जीवनाचे तूं धाड धाडही

रोगांच्या सैन्याची गांजत्या तिथें.

 

 

 

मीं तों जीं नुघडतील फोडिलीं तरी

जाणारचि, तीं दारें उघडुनी स्वयें

या माझ्या गेहाचीं, स्वागता असे 

अनिवार्या सिद्ध तुझ्या! म्हणुनि शक्य कीं 

ये तरि, हे अखिल-वीर-वीर-विजेत्या  !

 



 

 

एकलाचि, अपुरस्सर, आणि अकस्मात

परि अशक्य जरि तें तुज एकटें तसें

येणेंची, तरि त्याही क्रुर पीडका

रोगाच्या सैन्याचा क्षोभ सोसण्या

मी असेंचि सिद्ध आजि दोन वत्सरें

पाह्तची अससी तूं मजसि हा असा

शरपंजरिं खिळला! ज्या मधुर लागलें

जीवनांतलें मधु, प्रकाश चक्षुतें,

प्रीति हृदा तो मी त्या सर्व सुखांचे

मूल्य म्हणुनि मृत्युच्या यातनाहि कीं

समजुनि कर्तव्य सहूं सिद्ध असेंची !

 

Come, O Death, come! Having set forth

To get me, gladly come you may!

Let these flowers fear to wither and die,

Let these juicy grapes dread to shrivel and die,

But me! Why pray should I fear you?

 

 

Sip and sip did I from the Cup of Life,

Yet it is finished not today,

The Wine of Tears but remains.

Come, hungry as you are for this oblation,

Though the day is still so young,

 

 

 

Big or small, as be the deeds of the day

Accomplished they mostly are.

Compromise it took to pay off those debts

Acquired from birth; the Debt of the Sages

I paid by sometimes imbibing the Sacred Water

That washed the feet of Shruti, the Mother Vedas,

And sometimes by following the path of various Saints

And also by practicing penance of hopes for an age

These crematory austerities being for the Debt of Gods

Sounding the War Trumpet, pounding the drums forcefully,

Swift and sudden was the frontal attack

The instant the first battle order Shri Ram issued

And in that Sacrificial War, an inferno was set ablaze

Bone and bone, flesh and flesh fuel to it became—

Just so too, reduced to ashes is my youth! And so,

To discharge the debt I owe to my Ancestors,

Abiding with the Scriptures of Adoption,

That I may not die without an heir, all these sons

Of Abhinav Bharat I take to be as my own! Wherever

The Lotus-eyed One blooms in a crib,

There I am marveling the wonder of creation.

 

 

Whither fresh talent, strong character mark the brows,

Thither, new brilliance rises again and again!

In my bosom arise also

Fresh hopes and high aspirations—for the future

Glory of our Lineage, not just that of India,

But for the glory of Humanity!

In this very Youth of all Humanity,

Shall I relive my own Youth

 

 

 

And so shall my ancestors

To whom I lovingly offer oblations!

Come, O Death, gladly come then

Such are the debts, paid off one way or another,

And most are likely accomplished.

 

 

 

There are deeds of the day: even though

For when the day dawns, when it shall set,

What are the duties, what the deeds,

Many are the opinions given by

Various tomes, priests, and scholars—

For uniting  people, for  the Essence

Of the welfare of humanity,

Deeds that the Noble Ones found to be fitting,

Only such deeds did I consider to be righteous,

 Accordingly is ordained a burden to each one

And joyously have I borne mine

Ability and circumstance notwithstanding,

Ever true to my Oath have I been

Untainted by the slightest trace of fear.

 

 

 

 

Of noble family my parents were,

With faultless figures, and ever so kind of heart.

My elder brother, foremost amongst the Yogis,

Raised me so honorably, with such loving care;

My younger brother, Epitome of Modesty he is;

Unparalleled is this love; blessed am I

And that glorious goal, that gives to human life

Significance, that renders poetic my lifespan,

That sanctifies my character;

Some penance, some chanting—

With a measure of success, some shining

 In Sharda’s Court with Gems among poets.

 

 

Savored many a juice of fruits; breathed in

Hundreds of fragrances wafting with the breezes

Over hundreds of lands and waters,

The heat of the raging five fires,

To love’s sweet, soft embrace—cool, hot, sultry—

All experienced like the encircling of a belt;

Heard hundreds of tunes and languages,

Hundreds of songs, new and newer,

From hundreds of melodious throats,

And Death’s terrible roars from a very harsh throat.

Many people, villages, all kinds of countries,

So many sights seen,

Meandering the  Museum of this Earth;

So beautiful, so distinctive, so entertaining,

Such sights seen with the eyes—

O Death! Gladly close these eyes you may!

 

 

 

If you deem it necessary to close so!

 For I have seen beauty—a little perhaps!

Love for but a moment, a separation for eternity!

That which seasoned stalwarts cannot endure,

Those very yokes in the sweltering sun,

Such I endured in my youth!

 

 

So still unfulfilled in this life of mine

Is desire to frolic in the starlight—

But knowing: slaked not were the yearnings

Of Yayati—no, not e’en a lifetime of fun

Did satisfy the king. And seeing:

Deeds of Desire bear Fruit of Enjoyment,

And lo!—more seeds of desire flow;

Also, experiencing: an appetite

Is as replete by a single meal

As by the thousandth such meal—

Same, exactly the same;

O Death! I give you leave to end

The script of my life here.

The pages to come were perhaps to be

But a repetition of the pages past!

 

 

 

 

Squandered not I even a moment of my life,

So the day’s end brings no sorrow to me.

Mortals do so fear the death on the morrow! 

But even in the darkness, a new flower blooms

To a creeper for the next day.

Fear not I, for what we sow here today

That is what blooms and bears fruit, so they say.

 

 

And with hardship did I sow such seeds

Exquisite, chosen, given to me to sow

Without expectation of fruit, saying to me

“As you behave,  others shall in wartime, adversity;

Behave that no harm shall be brought

Upon the Progress of Humanity.”

That behavior I always aspired to from childhood,

“Behave unto others as you wish them

To behave toward you,” say the saints.

I took trouble to follow this every moment,

Even in distress it served me well—

Just that dharma itself offered calamities to me!

 

 

 

 

Whenever I pace in the narrow prison-yard

Upon the cool, green carpet of grass, then

Absorbed in introspection my mind froze,

Suddenly legs turned to pillars—unmoving!

The fear that the next step shall

Crush the young, tender grass sprouts

Stayed my feet in their spot.

At times, the morsel in my hand

Make it not to my mouth.

These grains I hold are they not seeds?

Does not eating the fruits abort the embryos?

Sometimes, when such forebodings were mine,

How I feared that I was losing my mind!

 

 

 

My mind, following me at every step,

Is awake to the profound grief in this world.

To conquer this totally is perhaps impossible,

  Effort I did make. P’haps powerless or

Unaware my feet may have stumbled,

But fear not I today the unknown

In the alien territory of the crematory,

 

 

To ease such  travel in this land,

A letter of introduction I have from

Lord Krishna himself—to the rich,

The pure, and the house of yogis.

One of noble deeds never attains

Misfortune in his rebirth, so say

The learned rishis to me;

If one believes there is truth in that,

Heaven, hell, rebirth, captivity, or moksha

All are but the consequence of one’s deeds.

So where the Door of Death shall open,

In that unseen City of Beauty,

The house is reserved for us

Pre-determined by the down payment

paid by our many deeds and duties.

 

 

 

If we believe heaven, soul, fetters, or fate

Are but a figment of our imagination,

And the Soul only an illusion created post-death,

Then death by that analysis is non-existent.

Wonderful! Death is just a deep sleep

Or mukti itself! The five such elements[2]

That were combined with release

Wander at will bonded anew,

Or as themselves, or as nothing!

Just like the momentary glory of the rainbow,

The “I” in me has a moment of glory

In the Sky of Consciousness, though

Fated to set in the Universe unknown.

 

 

 

So, Death! End you are not!—only a release!

That in moments! Only request is,

If on your way you are, delay not!

Your notoriety in this world, hatred you are held in

It is not because you are cruel or condemnable—

No one ever returned after seeing you

That they could give a report!

Especially, O Death! You gain unpopularity

In this world, by the army preceding you—

That hideous menace of cruel diseases!

 

 

 

Not just I, but even one with no enemy in the world,

Has his share of love and hate, loss and gain.

Gautama Buddha himself realized disease is hateful.

“No gain like good health in this world,” says the Dharmapad.

Even so, for those who will not welcome you willingly,

Or the stubborn ones who conquer  the battles of life, Troublesome Armies of Disease you send to them!

 

 

Break my unwilling doors, but taken from my house

I shall be only when I open the doors myself—

Your welcome here is incontrovertibly proven,

So it is feasible for you to come,

O Conqueror of All Heroes!

 

 

Alone, without surprise, not leading your army,

If impossible it is for you to come so—

No matter, I am prepared the past two years

To withstand the wrath of your pitiless Army of Disease!

You must certainly have seen me thus,

Lying on the bed of arrows! He who found in life

Sweetness of honey in life, light to brighten the eyes,

And love for the heart—that is me!

As a price for all that happiness,

I am prepared to endure the torments of death,

As a duty to be borne!

 

 

 

Anurupa



[1] Find the original article from Sahyadri here: http://www.savarkar.org/files/u1/Aatmarpan.pdf

 

[2] A being is supposed to be made up of five elements: earth, wind, water, luster, and sky.

A. G. Noorani at his malicious tongue-wagging again!!

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Hi, Everyone! I have to say, A. G. Noorani is tireless in his malicious and malevolent misrepresentation of Savarkar!! He was at it again on the death anniversary of the Mahatma with his article in the Hindu @ http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/how-savarkar-escaped-the-gallows/article4358048.ece

I immediately wrote an article in reply, but the Hindu did not publish it, nor did they answer any emails sent to them in connection to it.

In this particular article I am specifically exposing Noorani’s blatant misrepresentations upon which he bases his spurious claims of Savarkar’s complicity in the death of the Mahatma.

·        How long must we remain silent in the face of this gross injustice to Savarkar?

The only way to combat malicious outpourings such as Noorani’s is to educate ourselves re the true facts and speak up.

So, readers, do please read my article which has, very fortunately, been published in www.niticentral.com. Here is the link:

For more information on this, do check the Gandhi-murder Casecategory in my blog.

Anurupa